Global Electricity Review 2025

“Global Electricity Review 2025” by Ember

➡️2024 in Review
Clean electricity surpassed 40% of global generation in 2024, driven by a record 858 TWh increase in renewables, led by solar (+474 TWh, +29%)
Heatwaves added 208 TWh to demand, pushing total growth to 4.0% (+1,172 TWh)
Fossil generation rose slightly (+245 TWh, +1.4%), raising emissions by 1.6% to a record 14.6 Gt CO₂

➡️The Big Picture
🔅Solar is surging – flexibility can take it to the next level
Solar hit 2,131 TWh in 2024, doubling in 3 years
Capacity grew by 585 GW in 2024. Over 99 countries doubled solar generation in 5 years
China led with 250 TWh new solar, 43% growth

🔅Clean generation is expected to meet higher levels of demand growth
EVs, data centers, and heat pumps added 195 TWh in 2024
EV electricity use rose 38% to 225 TWh
Clean generation is expected to grow 9% annually, enough to meet even 4.1% demand growth

🔅India and China to drive clean demand growth
China’s clean generation met 81% of demand growth
India’s solar capacity doubled in 2024; wind and solar pipeline is 143 GW

➡️Global Electricity Trends
🔅Demand
Global demand reached 30,856 TWh
China led (+623 TWh), followed by the US (+128 TWh) and India (+98 TWh)
Demand in Asia quadrupled since 2000, while Africa remained at 3.1% of global total

🔅Generation
Low-carbon sources reached 40.9%. Solar (6.9%) and wind (8.1%) together overtook hydro (14.3%)
Fossil share fell to 59.1%. Coal was 34.4%, gas 22%
Clean sources met 79% of demand growth in 2024.

➡️Electricity Source Trends
🔅Solar
Largest single contributor to electricity growth for third year
Solar now avoids 1,658 Mt CO₂ annually
58% of solar generation came from non-OECD countries; China alone accounts for 39%

🔅Wind
Added 182 TWh (+7.9%). Lower wind speeds affected output despite capacity growth
Wind expected to grow 13% per year through 2030

🔅Hydro
Rebounded from drought in 2023. Output increased by 182 TWh, led by China (72% of the rise)

🔅Nuclear
Generation rose 69 TWh (+2.5%) due to higher French reactor utilization
Nuclear’s share fell to 9%, a 45-year low

🔅Gas
Generation rose 103 TWh (+1.6%), mainly from the U.S. (+59 TWh)
U.S. gas now 57% of global increase, mostly replacing coal

🔅Coal
Grew 149 TWh (+1.4%). China and India drove most of the increase

➡️Major Countries and Regions
🔅China
Demand: +6.6%. Solar: +250 TWh, Hydro: +130 TWh. Fossil rise only +116 TWh, down from +367 TWh in 2023

🔅United States
Fossil generation rose (+34 TWh), mostly gas. Demand growth: +128 TWh

🔅European Union
Fossil generation fell (-75 TWh) despite slight demand growth. Clean sources exceeded demand and export increase

🔅India
Fossil increase: +67 TWh (↓ from 124 TWh in 2023). Solar installs: +24 GW. Clean growth could meet 75% of new demand by 2030

🔅Russia
Demand grew +32 TWh (+2.8%)

🔅Japan
Notable for stabilizing demand; limited changes in fossil vs clean mix

🔅Brazil
Solar increased +23 TWh (+45%). Solar share reached 10%, up from 1% five years ago

Sumber:

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