Identifying resilience solutions at the intersection of climate, health and equity
Global temperatures reached new record highs for two consecutive days in July 2024 the past 13 months have been the hottest on record and the 10 years with the highest annual maximum global-average daily temperatures have been from 2015 through 2024. Climate change is directly contributing to heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, tropical storms, hurricanes, and floods – and these are increasing in scale, frequency, and intensity. The primary cause is our human activities resulting in excess greenhouse emissions through the burning of fossil fuels. These climate changes have had profound effects on planetary and human health. Warmer air and oceans, more intense droughts and wildfires threaten biodiversity. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) documents consequent direct and indirect effects on human health primarily due to heat and air pollution. These effects include: heat-related illnesses and deaths; changes in the range of disease-carrying insects (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas) that transmit vector-borne diseases like dengue, West Nile Virus and malaria; allergies and other lung diseases such as asthma; cardiovascular disease; food- and water-borne disease due to increasing flooding and sea level rise that contaminate with harmful bacteria, viruses and chemicals; chronic stress, anxiety, depression and other mental illnesses; and injuries and death due to extreme weather events. The World Health Organization reports that 3.6 billion people already live in areas highly susceptible to climate change, and that between 2030 to 2050, an excess 250,000 deaths per year will result from climate change-related heat-stress, diarrhea, undernutrition and malaria alone. They estimate direct damage costs to health to be between $2–4 billion per year by 2030. Areas with weak health infrastructure will be least able to cope with these demands, emphasizing the need to support countries and cities to reduce health vulnerability to climate change. There is growing consensus regarding the urgency of health as a key priority within the climate change agenda. This was recognized for the first time by the global community at COP28 in December 2023, where there was a Climate and Health Declaration signed by 151 countries, and $1 billion pledged for climate and health action.
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