Sustainable urban transitions
Over the next 40 years, more than 230 billion square meters of new construction will have to be built to accommodate the world’s growing population a number the UN estimates as the equivalent of adding a city the size of Paris to the planet every week. Given the carbon intensity and waste associated with current construction methods, if all new development is executed using current methods, this urban
expansion alone will raise global temperatures by 1–2 °C. Urban development at this scale and scope thus comes with great responsibility, not just towards its immediate residents, but also towards future citizens who will inherit the social and environmental consequences of these newly built neighbourhoods. It therefore behoves all stakeholders involved in the built environment sector (i.e., urban planners,
landowners, real estate developers, architects, infrastructure engineers, construction companies etc.) to consider the sustainability of every new construction and development project. To address this need, a plethora of frameworks, standards, policies, measurement models, rating systems, assessment tools, technical guidelines and indicators have evolved over the last fifty years to promote sustainable urban development [24–29, 38]. By sustainable urban development (SUD), we mean development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs by balancing the economic, environmental and social aspects of urban life [1, 28]. Implementing sustainable urban development plans can occur at different scales from individual buildings (e.g., LEED, BREEAM), to larger communities (e.g., EcoDistricts), cities (e.g., RFSC, EcoCity), countries (e.g., New
Urban Agenda) and continents (e.g., ECI), often guided by goals developed by international organizations (e.g. UN SDG 11).
Our interest in this chapter, however, is not to compare these different frameworks, but rather to introduce and elaborate on one particular framework, One Planet Living (OPL), and explore how this system of tools and principles has been used to help design, plan and build sustainable residential mixed use urban communities that tackle important climate mitigating objectives such as zero carbon and zero waste goals. While the OPL framework has been successfully implemented around the world, its adoption level remains surprisingly low. This chapter thus aims to highlight the OPL framework’s benefits and its
differentiating factors from other SUD frameworks.
We begin by describing the OPL framework in more detail and presenting several case studies of OPL in practice from around the world. We then situate the OPL framework within the broader literature on SUDs to illustrate the promise and potential of this unique approach to construction and development. We draw conclusions for both research and practice, as well as highlight important implications for policy
in pursuit of more sustainable communities.
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