GHG emissions of all world countries

In December 2015, the Paris Agreement brought together 195 nations to undertake ambitious efforts
to combat climate change and required all parties to the agreement to put forward their best efforts
through “nationally determined contributions” (NDC). Acknowledging the need to ensure
environmental integrity, an enhanced transparency framework was created and 5-yearly Global
Stocktakes were planned from 2023 onwards. Global emissions reported in this context are
nevertheless not in line with modelled global mitigation pathways consistent with the temperature
goal of the Paris Agreement; the latest UNEP emission gaps report (UNEP, 2023) has estimated that
additional emission reductions between 17 and 27 Gt CO2eq in comparison with NDCs will need to be
achieved by 2030 in order to remain on track with the least-cost pathways consistent with 1.5 C
maximum temperature rise by 2100 compared to the pre-industrial time. The Emissions Database
for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) contributes to global climate actions offering an
independent and quantitative view of global GHG emissions. EDGAR is a global database that provides
estimates of country and sector-specific GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases) implementing a
transparent state-of-the-art methodology (Janssens-Maenhout et al., 2019; IPCC, 2006a; IPCC
2019b). As such, it supports efforts to provide consistent and transparent emission estimates that
are global in scope and can inform climate action under the Paris Agreement, although the conception
and early versions of EDGAR precede by far the Paris Agreement.
EDGAR estimates of GHG emissions use global statistics and state-of-the-art scientific knowledge of
emission mechanisms for a wide range of anthropogenic activities. The methodology used is
transparent and in line with the most recent scientific literature and Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines (IPCC, 2006a; IPCC, 2019b). The EDGAR Community GHG emission
database used in this report comprises IEA-EDGAR CO2
15, EDGAR CH4, EDGAR N2O and EDGAR F-gases
version EDGAR_2024_GHG (2024). This edition of the booklet also includes annual macro-regional
estimates of CO2 emissions from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector from
1990 to 2023, including GHG emissions from wildfires from the Global Wildfire Information System
(GWIS)16, as part of the continuous improvement and expanding outreach of the EDGAR database.
A combination of reliability, independence, transparency and completeness makes EDGAR a valuable
quantitative tool to support the complex international scientific and political discussions on climate
mitigation. EDGAR data contributes to the Paris Agreement’s Global Stocktakes and, more
generally, provides decision makers with a resource that fills knowledge gaps and allows the
benchmarking of reported data with robust and scientifically sound data. Previous editions of this
booklet have been regularly presented to the annual Conference of Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC.

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