Asian development review
Developing Asia has a crucial role in the global climate crisis, as the region is highly vulnerable to climate change and records a growing share of the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As of 2019, developing Asia is home to some of the largest GHG emitters and accounts for about 44% of global GHG emissions. Although per capita emissions from the region are lower than those in advanced economies, they are rising quickly. If regional emission trends continue, meeting the Paris Agreement goal of limiting the rise in global mean temperature to well below 2○C will not be attainable (Emmerling et al. 2023).
Despite economic progress, 765 million people in developing Asia in 2024 still lived on less than $3.65 per day (in 2017 purchasing power parity terms). While access to electricity has expanded significantly, with the share of the population without access falling from 20% to close to 3% between 2004 and 2020, 112.5 million people in the region still do not have access to electricity, 940 million people experience frequent
interruptions, and 1.3 billion people do not have access to clean cooking technologies. Asia and the Pacific is the most disaster-prone region globally, accounting for almost 60% of all disaster-related fatalities and experiencing the highest share of economic losses. As climate change is already driving a rise in extreme weather events and climatological disasters, the threat posed by climate change-induced disasters is becoming increasingly severe for the region (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 2023). Climate change disproportionately affects poor and marginalized people as they live in areas that are more exposed to climate impacts and depend on vulnerable economic activities like agriculture. These populations have fewer resources to cope with and recover from climate-related
disruptions. Higher temperatures have also been associated with lower economic growth in poor countries, along with broader effects such as political instability and a decline in quality of life (Dell, Jones, and Olken 2012; Kahn 2017). Recent estimates suggest that developing Asia could lose up to 17% of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2070 under a high-end emissions scenario, which could rise to 41% of GDP by the end of the century (Asian Development Bank 2024).
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