Achieving a Decarbonised and Climate-Resilient Built Environment
The built environment – our homes, offices, schools, hospitals, streets, bridges, drainage systems, electrical lines, parks, open spaces and more – shapes our lives in numerous ways. It is where we sleep, eat, work, are educated, entertained, and cared for. However, the built environment significantly contributes to the climate crisis in two major ways: by generating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing climate risks.
The construction sector is responsible for at least 23% of global CO2 emissions, consumes at least 30% of all globally extracted resources and produces high pollution and waste streams. If we include energy-related emissions, the built environment is responsible for approximately 40% of global GHG emissions. Cities drive up demand for construction activities, from retrofit projects to new buildings. Over billion more people are expected to live in urban areas by 2050. Climate risks are a growing concern. Over 85% of the world’s population have experienced climate-related disruption events such as extreme heat, flooding, storms, drought, and increased spread of vector-borne diseases.
Cities, people, buildings, and infrastructure will become even more exposed and vulnerable to climate hazardsc as they become more frequent and severe globally.7 By 2050, 1.6 billion residents in over 970 cities will be regularly exposed to average summertime temperature highs above 35°C (95°F). Up to 800 million people in more than 570 coastal cities will be at risk of coastal flooding and storm surges. This has financial and economic consequences too. In 2022, economic losses from natural disasters, many driven by the changing climate, were estimated at US$ 313 billion. Besides physical damage and economic operational losses, extreme events can reduce a property’s value by 5% to 20%. Buildings and infrastructure are not only vulnerable to the impacts of the climate crisis, they contribute and amplify it by worsening flash floods and the urban heat island effect for instance. Rapidly built developments – both formal and informal – have frequently neglected natural protective systems by weakening, choking, or removing them. Rapid urbanisation has driven and intensified climate risks through changes such as land-use patterns, resource scarcity and socio-economic inequality. The built environment sector is also responsible for 30% of biodiversity loss globally.
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