Climate change and agriculture

Numerous factors shape and drive the agricultural sector. Market fluctuations, changes in domestic and international agricultural policies (such as the form and extent of subsidies, incentives, tariffs, credit facilities, and insurance), management practices, terms of trade, the type and availability of technology and extension, land-use regulations and biophysical characteristics (availability of water resources,
soil quality, carrying capacity, and pests and diseases) are among the set of primary influences. Given its inherent link to natural resources, agricultural production is also at the mercy of uncertainties driven by climate variation, including extreme events such as flooding and drought.
Over the last decade or so, climate change (interms of long-term changes in mean temperature or precipitation normals, as well as an increased frequency of extreme climate effects) has gradually been recognized as an additional factor which, with other conventional pressures, will have a significant weight on the form, scale, and spatial and temporal impact on agricultural productivity. The general consensus to emerge from the literature is that in the absence of adequate response strategies to long-term
climate change as well as to climate variability, diverse and region-specific impacts will become
more apparent. Some impacts are expected to be adverse; others, favorable. At times, impacts will
be slow to unfold, enabling local farmers and national governments time to respond. The
distribution of impacts will vary as both the ability to respond to impacts and resources with
which to do so vary across nations. In other cases, impacts will be unexpected, and appropriate responses may not easily be known or implemented in advance.

source:

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/a4373f71-f7b9-57c3-a66d-cf3f6a121c73