GOVERNING THE INTERLINKAGES BETWEEN THE SDGS
In 2015, the UN member states adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which sets out a 15-year plan to achieve 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 sub-targets by 2030. Essentially, the SDGs and their targets constitute a universal call to end poverty, protect the planet and improve the live sand livelihoods of everyone, everywhere.1The 2030 Agenda reflects a new understanding of global development problems that differs from preceding global development frameworks such as the World Bank’s and International Monetary Fund’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers and the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDG), in several ways. Afirst defining feature ofthe 2030 Agenda is its aspiration to universality. The MDGs were mainly conceived asan agenda focused on achieving a set of basic minimum living standards in lower income countries. By contrast, the 2030 Agenda is universal in scope and commits high income and low income nations alike to contribute to the efforts to achieve global sustainability. Another distinctive characteristic is the 2030 Agenda’s strong emphasis on inclusiveness. This becomes manifest in the overarching principle to “Leave No One Behind”(LNOB) and in the pledge to “reach the furthest behind first”, which are both enshrined in the Agenda’s preamble (§4). A novelty also consists in the strong emphasis on multi-level governance. References to the importance of implementing the SDGs at all levels–from global over national to sub-national level–can be found throughout the text, for example in SDG 16.7, which strives to “ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels”. The adoption of SDG 16 on “Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ”is one of the most substantial differences between the SDGs and the MDGs. Importantly, issues of good governance, peace and human rights are not only presented as goals in and of them selves but also as enablers for the achievement of all other goals. Finally, and most importantly for this book, the 2030 Agenda represents a paradigm shift from previous development approaches in its recognition of the indivisibility of the social, economic, and ecological dimensions of sustainable development.
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