Landscape Architecture and Environmental Sustainable
It is crucial to grasp the underlying factors affecting sustainability in order to conceive effective design solutions. This chapter briefly introduces some of the deep-seated practices and actions that have
adversely impacted the environment (with a particular focus on industrialization), as well as the responses to this problematic phenomenon.
Early 20th-century agricultural practices like native vegetation clearance led to crippling frequent dust storms in the USA’s Great Plains. This harsh, semi-arid environment became known as the ‘Dust Bowl’. President Franklin Roosevelt and the US Forest Service coordinated a 100 mile (160km) wide ‘shelterbelt zone’ from Toronto in Canada to the Brazos River, Texas. Despite the substantial challenges and complexities of this continental-scale project (such as high capital cost and multiple jurisdictions), the Civilian Conservation Corps, aided by paid farmers, began planting 220 million trees in 1934. These shelterbelts would reduce the harmful effects of prevailing dry winds, protect fields and livestock; reduce evaporation through holding water and snow in the soil; reduce soil erosion by holding soil in place; and ultimately, eliminate large dust storms. Even today, the project perhaps represents the largest and most focused effort of the US government to address an environmental problem. Image 1.1b shows part of the planned shelterbelt zone.
“Anthropocene is an apt and provocative term with which to describe the age and the world in which we now live. Thanks to this concept we can better place many observations about human influence on natural processes. Around the world there are more trees in parks, nurseries and other human settings than in the primeval forest. Humans are capable, in 500 years, of burning up the biomass produced in
500 million years, and of altering the climate with the greenhouse gases released. A single project for tar sand extraction requires as much soil displacement as the sediment carried off by all the rivers in the world … The advance of humanity is coupled with an avalanche of species facing extinction.”
DIRK SIJMONS, WAKING UP IN THE ANTHROPOCENE (2014)
“Could the stability achieved over aeons of geological time be destroyed within a few generations, with no guarantee that any new balance would offer our descendants an ecological niche?”
DAVID REID, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (1995)
source:
https://www.udg.org.uk/publications/book/landscape-architecture-and-environmental-sustainability
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