Multimodal transport hubs
Over the past five decades the population has increasingly concentrated in urban areas. According to a 2015 study by Oxford University, more than 80% of the world’s population lives within an hour of a city – the figure exceeds 90% in Europe. As people move to cities, car traffic and urban transport increase fast too. During rush hour, commuters fill transport infrastructures, which results in saturation of arterial thoroughfares and ring roads. In this context, access to transport nodes is crucial for urban resilience and the economic vitality of large cities. To reorganize cities and ensure regional unity it is therefore necessary to adopt a comprehensive approach, taking in transport and urban planning.
Actors in the field of mobility are now familiar with the term “interchange hub” (“transport hub” is also widely used, sometimes with the adjective “multimodal” to reinforce the idea of various modes of
transport connecting there). The expression refers to a building and a space; its meaning encompasses various realities, functions and practices.
The efficiency of public transport depends on network effects and on the connectedness between transport modes or between the different lines of a mode. Multimodal transport hubs (MTHs), as both
meeting places between modes and points of interconnection, play a crucial role in ensuring the good use of public transport. Interchange hubs help organise urban mobility systems. Their role is to facilitate
transfers between different means of transport, and as part of the urban environment, act as interfaces between cities and transport networks. Offering mobility, accessibility and attractiveness, multimodal transport hubs differ vastly from one country or city to another, depending on the structuring modes of transport and on the maturity of the urban fabric.
In France and other European countries, the concept brings to mind urban train stations, but it can’t always be transposed as such to countries in the Global South, where structuring networks are less
advanced, and urban development is sometimes chaotic. In cities in the Global South, MTHs usually take the shape of underground stations and urban bus terminals connected with other transport networks (buses, taxis, other vehicles…). One specific feature of these cities is the substantial share of paratransit transport (often minibuses run by small private operators, with little regulation), the multitude of bikes and motorbikes in some cities (especially in Asia) and the number of informal street vendors. In addition, social and planning constraints create a complex web of exchanges that is difficult to manage.
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