Narrative in Urban Planning
City planning the rives on future-oriented imagination and on visions of the possible city, created in dialogue with citizens as well as with policymakers. It is intimately bound up with forms of storytelling, so much so that planning has been defined in recent decades as inherently a narrative activity, a form of “persuasive storytelling”, or even the act of city story-writing.1 Planning is concerned with envisioning the future state of an individual plot of land, a neighbourhoodoranentiredistrict,andinitstextualmaterialsandpolicy texts, it will tend to describe the transition from a present-day state to this desired future state. More implicitly, through maps, digital 3D renderings or scaled physical models, it will evoke particular narrative frames with which to approach urban problems and their solutions. In literary studies, precisely this– the rendering of a change from situation A to situation B– is regarded as the kernel of any story. Whenever planners address city administrators, investors, inhabitants, and other stakeholders, they make use of the persuasive function of narrative. In doing so, they may appeal, for example, to a neighbourhood’s or a district’s past and thus to its sense of identity; and they will seek to tell a plausible story of how future developments can either be seen as building on that past or as promising a new start. The insight that narrative is an essential part of planning has led to a considerable research literature by planning the orists, and even to a “narrative turn in urban planning”.2 But this narrative turn has not consistently entered planning practice. In our view,at least,it is rarely being used in a way that realizes the consequences of this insight. Planners, we argue, should be aware of the functions, effects and consequences of narratives for their practice: Specific narrative patterns can be powerful tools for persuasion, and will be beneficial for connecting future plans with past historical layers of meaning. Planners could be made more aware of the complex meaning-making functions, the ideological implications and the very real effects of particular narrative strategies. They should also be aware of the persuasive and potentially manipulative effects of narratives. T heterm narrative has recently seen an inflationary use and is often uncritically employed in a wide range of fields (narrative economics and narrative change management are just two examples).3 Wetherefore aim to identify, define, and illustrate key terms in the context of narrative and planning in a way that is grounded in rigorous research but that is also immediately applicable to particular planning contexts. T his book is a practical field guide to narrative aimed at planners, and written by three literary scholars. As literary scholars, in addition to our research on the role of narratives in planning, we have in various ways been involved in planning practice, training planning scholars and planning practitioners, collaborating with planners in interdisciplinaryprojects,orworkingonconsultingprojectsthatadvised municipalities on how to harness the power of stories in urban development. What we set out to do is to make insights from narrative research accessible to planners; more precisely, we explain key concepts and terms that originate largely in literary studies and show how an awareness of the ways in which narratives work is directlyrelevantforplanners.Indeliberatelyfocusingoneighteencentral terms and concepts, we do not attempt any kind of exhaustive inventory nor a planning history, but a practical glossary of key concepts in the field of narrative in planning. Both in the choice of terms and concepts and in each individual entry,we focus on usability and applicability: What do planners need to know in order to use narrative approaches responsibly in their practice? What makes narratives coherent, effective, probable, persuasive, even individually and collectively necessary– but also potentially harmful, manipulative and divisive? How can narratives help build more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive communities?
source :
Temukan peta dengan kualitas terbaik untuk gambar peta indonesia lengkap dengan provinsi.
