ChatGPT in scientific research and writing

The advancement of artificial intelligence technologies provides scientists with increasingly powerful and accurate research tools. On 14 March 2023, OpenAI released the GPT-4 model, the successor to ChatGPT based on GPT-3.5, which generated extensive discussions in the scientific community (Bockting et al. 2023; Owens 2023; Stokel-Walker 2023; Stokel-Walker and Van Noorden 2023). Five months later, Microsoft announced that over one billion chats and 750 million images had been generated by users within six months since their release of the new Bing (now Copilot), an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled Internet search engine (Microsoft 2023a). While some argued that ChatGPT’s benefits for scientific research are limited, academic publishers and journal editors have responded to the growing
proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models in scientific research by releasing interim guidelines on their appropriate use in publications (Anonymous 2023a; Elsevier 2024a, b; Thorp 2023; Thorp and Vinson 2023). Here we review the use of ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) and new Bing in scientific research and science communication. The following sections explore the use of these models
for extracting relevant information from research papers, interpreting figures, evaluating research papers, spotting errors, responding to reviewer’s comments, advanced language editing, removing language barriers, adapting manuscripts to various styles of writing, experimental design, creating survey questionnaires, crafting titles, brainstorming, writing research proposals, and creating visuals.

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