Nature based solutions and health

There is a growing recognition of the potential of holistic approaches which jointly address both human health and a healthy natural environment. This report summarizes the importance and relevance of such an approach known as nature-based solutions (NbS). NbS are actions for the conservation and protection of ecosystems and often have co-benefits wider than environmental objectives. When designed and targeted properly, they can also include significant human health and well-being benefits. NbS are a diverse range of actions that can be implemented across various scales, from local interventions to large-scale land use and land management strategies that address challenges such as flooding or extreme heat. NbS are increasingly being grounded in national policies that support their implementation, including through the provision of funding, and are gaining traction, support and awareness through social programmes connecting people with nature.

NbS contribute to health across a range of domains. Freshwater system NbS (e.g. renaturalization of rivers and restoration of flood plains) deliver a range of health and well-being benefits, from improved water
quality to the regulation of water flows and provision of recreational spaces. NbS that address air pollution through urban forests and street trees or green transport routes can provide health benefits both directly from the reduction of exposure to pollution and/or heat, and from the wider benefits to
mental health and well-being associated with physical activity and access to nature. NbS for coasts and oceans not only address potential health risks by attenuating water pollution or mitigating and adapting to climate change but can provide blue space recreation and restore fish stocks for healthy local diets, in turn supporting livelihoods and local economy. Similarly, agroecological NbS can promote biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, including urban farming, and increase the long-term sustainability of food production systems.

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