Policy and regulatory implementation in water resources conservation development in Indonesia: a critical analysis

Water is a vital resource whose quality and quantity must be maintained sustainably for future generations (Pambudi, 2021). Water resource problems arise due to many influencing factors, one of which is a significant increase in population (Pambudi et al., 2020; Bappenas, 2015). A large population affects the need for clothing, food, and shelter (Bellfield et al., 2016). Indonesia is a country with a relatively high population growth rate. This increase in population growth impacts increasing industrial, service, and urban activities that require support from various sectors, including raw water supply (Maheshwari et al., 2016; Bappenas, 2015; Fulazzaky, 2014). The need for raw water for industrial activities, the service sector, and urban needs is estimated to increase by 2-3 times compared to the current needs. Water supply requires more attention, considering its role as a vital resource, so its quality and quantity can be maintained sustainably for future generations (Pambudi & Kusumanto, 2023; Pambudi, 2021). The issue of water security is a national development agenda that needs to be achieved and planned until 2045.
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