Smart city implementation

During the latest five years, the label smart city has been spreading all over the world, impacting on urban strategies in both large and small towns. The concept smart city has recently been introduced as a strategy to encompass modern urban production factors in a common framework and, in particular, to highlight the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the latest
20 years for enhancing the competitive profile of a city. To face the increasing problems of urban areas, local public governments, companies, not-for-profit organizations and the citizens themselves embraced the idea of a smarter city, using more technologies, creating better life conditions and safeguarding the environment. However, the smart city idea has ancient roots. A paper written in 1993 docu￾ments the various telecommunication investments in Singapore and the role of information in the production and distribution processes contributing to the overall growth of GNP, defining Singapore like an “intelligent city”. A large literature survey about both smart city and digital city scientific papers observes that these
themes have been studied from twenty years ago. The survey has been applied to both these keywords, as these two concepts have been often considered like synonymous. Figure 1.1 shows the number of papers about smart city and digital city selected by Google Scholar during the latest twenty years. As the trend line highlights, the first study concerning this topic is dated 1994. Between this start point and 1997, no more publications were found. After that, the total number has been gradually increasing until 2005. From 2006 to 2009, the trend line shows a steady increase (plus 10 units per year), while from 2010 its growth was doubled year by year. The interest about smart city and digital city is quite stable from 1993 to 2010, then it has been increasing exponentially from 2010 to now. Therefore the idea of a city being able to be smart and digital, that is, to use technology and especially ICT to improve the quality of life in urban space, is quite old, but only during the latest years the attention about this topic has a peek.
There are several reasons about this evidence: the larger diffusion of mobile devices and the Internet among citizens, the higher and higher dimensions of cities, the need to safeguard the environment from pollution and energy consumption. Globally, one in two people live in cities, megacities are more than twenty, and both figures are expected to increase. In light of this scenario, the major challenge is the ability to grow the urban areas with efficiency and improving the quality of citizens’ life. In the city of the future, the environment, the people and the technology have to be devised in an integrated and sustainable way: this is what underlies the concept of the smart city.

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