The Routledge Handbook Of Catalysts For A Sustainable Circular Economy
The topic of sustainability transition and circular economy (CE) is of growing relevance in
countries worldwide. Many environmental problems that contemporary societies are facing
globally, including the biodiversity crisis, climate change, and resource depletion, are rooted
in unsustainable production and consumption patterns. Many of our socio-technical systems,
such as electricity, construction, and food, may cause harm to the environment and create
negative consequences for the well-being of future generations. These exacerbating problems,
which threaten economic stability and even human health, cannot be addressed only by incremental improvements and simple technological fixes. Solving the problems requires radical
shifts to new kinds of socio-technical systems, which are called ‘sustainability transitions’
(Köhler et al., 2019; Elzen et al., 2004; Grin et al., 2010). The CE is one of these transitions. As
a techno-economic and sociocultural model, it seeks to minimize the use of natural resources
and waste creation, reuse material to sustain its maximum value, and recycle material efficiently (Grafström & Aasma, 2021). Ultimately, its aim is to change current production and
consumption models (Hartley et al., 2020).
Governments, consultants, and think tanks in different parts of the world have promoted CE
thinking. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation, a European consulting agency and think tank, has
been influential in developing the CE concept, influencing legislation, and drawing large corporations into taking on the ideas of CE. In Europe, many organizations, from small companies
to cities and states, have begun taking strategical steps towards a CE, believing that it can lead
to positive environmental impacts while providing long-term significant economic advantages.
Elsewhere, China has been driving CE development, driven by the massive environmental, social, and health problems within the country (Ghisellini et al., 2016). In North America, companies, third-sector organizations, and forerunner states such as California have advanced the CE
movement. In the global South, the concept is gaining momentum among other sustainability developments, and due to the frugal economic conditions, CE is sometimes framed differently than
in the global North. Overall, CE provides actionable solutions to green transitions of societies in
the global North and environmentally and socially sustainable economic growth and urbanisation in the global South.
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