Building cities to LAST
More than a decade of teaching an undergraduate architecture course on urban design and approaching two decades of teaching studio courses on the future of mid-size cities has taught me three valuable lessons that inspire this book. First, no one is sure what is meant by the term ‘sustainable.’ Second, very few are confdent they know what urbanism entails. And third, the uncertainties latent in both terms are magnifed when brought together to constitute a goal such as writing a practical guide to sustainable urbanism. It is not unlike being asked to solve x + y = z with only vague and contradictory notions of the values of x and y. It is understandable that neither students nor practitioners know where to start.
The vagary extends even to names for the goal itself. Should we think in terms of sustainability or resilience? Environmentalism or ecological design? And what happened to “green”? Is our future one of cities or urban confgurations? Metropolitan areas or megalopolitan regions? While there is some evidence that these terms circumscribe overlapping but subtly diferent concerns, debates about which to use are mostly evidence that we are so lost as to what we should be doing that we have digressed to another topic entirely. The solution, or at least its beginning, requires a restatement of the problem the defnition of z in simple, direct language.
Sustainable urbanism or resilient cities or any other pairing of similar terms is shorthand for an implied, but often unanswered, three-part question: What are we trying to hold onto, for how long, and by what
means? This question sets aside both the technical jargon and the popular slogans as well as point-based systems and mandate-based approaches. It focuses us on the things that matter, the essentials. While the details change across time and from culture to culture, the essential aspects of what are we trying to hold on to are comprised of basic human needs and desires (quality) food, (clean) water, (safe) shelter, and (freedom and connectivity through) mobility. The remaining two thirds of the question, for how long and by what means, must, in my experience, be answered across four planning and design metrics: Lifecycle, Aesthetics, Scale, and Technology or LAST.
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