Handbook of smart cities
Popular attention turned to the smart cities concept in 2010 when IBM initiated the first smart cities challenge, donating $50 million in technology and services to 100 cities. In 2014, Songdo, South Korea, was declared to be the first smart city. Songdo was built from the ground up with an intentional technological foundation supported through Cisco Systems; in 2019, the technology works but the city
inhabitants number only one third of the projected population. Technology without community.
While there are more “new” cities like Songdo (King Abdullah Economic City, Saudi Arabia, Treasure Island, San Francisco Bay Area, Masdar City, and Abu Dhabi), the great majority of development is in existing cities. All cities need to be smarter, as 68% of the population in 2050 is expected to be living in urban areas. Development plans will increasingly be focused on the modification and modernization of infrastructure, services, and economic systems; the demands on physical space will require the expansion of digital space utilization. Add concerns for equity, inclusivity, resilience, and responsiveness, and there is a concomitant need to integrate and connect across all city activities, including the public and private
sector, and the most important component – the citizens. In 2017, the largest market for smart city products and development was in Europe; however, spending on smart cities development is projected to grow by 37% in Asia-Pacific, 27% in Latin America, 23% in the ME and Africa, and 14% in North America by 2020 (Smart city strategies: A global review 2017. Catapult Future Cities).
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