How Climate Change Impacts Can Be Devastating

1. Economic Loss and Damage:

• Income:
  • Agricultural production
  • Business operation
  • Tourism
  • Other economic activities
• Physical Assets:
  • Infrastructure
  • Property
  • Other material resources

2. Non-Economic Loss and Damage:

• Society:
  • Indigenous knowledge
  • Societal/cultural identity
  • Cultural heritage
• Individuals:
  • Life
  • Health
  • Human mobility
• Environment:
  • Biodiversity
  • Ecosystem services

3. Causes of Loss and Damage: These losses and damages are caused by two types of events:

• Extreme Weather Events:
  • Droughts
  • Heatwaves
  • Tropical cyclones
  • Floods
  • Storm surges
  • Other extreme events
• Slow Onset Events:
  • Sea level rise
  • Increasing temperatures
  • Land and forest degradation
  • Desertification
  • Glacial retreat and related impacts
  • Loss of biodiversity
  • Ocean acidification

This diagram effectively highlights how both types of events can lead to various forms of losses, some of which are measurable in economic terms, while others affect social, cultural, and environmental aspects that are harder to quantify. The source of this diagram is credited to UNFCCC (2019).

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