Pakistan green taxonomy 2025

Climate change affects nature, people and the global economy. According to the World Metrological
Organization, Asia is the most populous continent and is warming faster than the global average
[40]. Like other developing countries in Asia, Pakistan is facing significant climate change
challenges, including climatic variability, which is reducing the availability of water and leading to
more severe, more frequent, and longer droughts and extreme weather events such as floods.
Climate action is the most important priority for the government and people of Pakistan today [41].
Pakistan’s updated 2021 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) represent a paradigm shift
toward an inclusive, innovative, whole-of-economy approach to addressing climate change
challenges through targeted adaptation and mitigation actions. Ranked second among countries
with poor air quality in 2023 according to the Air Quality Index, with an average concentration of
particulate matter (PM2.5), 14.7 times as great as the WHO annual air quality guideline, Pakistan
has initiated various programs designed to control emissions from industry, vehicles, and other
sources [42]. The revised NDCs have an unconditional emissions reduction target of 15 percent
and a conditional target of 35 percent by 2030 from the 2015 baseline. The revised NDCs commit to
also increasing protected area land coverage from 12 to 15 percent, shifting the energy mix toward
60 percent renewable and alternative energy, and increasing the number of electric vehicles by 30
percent by 2030.
The transformation of Pakistan into a sustainable economy entails balancing social, economic, and
environmental needs and requires significant investment. In 2021, approximately US$4 billion in
public and private capital was invested in climate mitigation and adaptation activities in Pakistan, of
which international actors such as multilateral development banks, multilateral funds, and private
investments contributed 84 percent. The World Bank estimates that total investment need for a
comprehensive response to Pakistan’s climate challenges between 2023 and 2030 is approximately
US$348 billion (10.7 percent of cumulative gross domestic product [GDP] for the same period):
US$152 billion (44 percent) for supporting adaptation and resilience and US$196 billion (56 percent)
for decarbonization and mitigation [41].
In Pakistan, the energy and the agricultural, forestry, and other land use sectors have the greatest
mitigation potential. However, other priority climate interventions are required to support adaptation
and resilience, especially to address climate risks to Pakistan’s critical systems such as water and
food security, infrastructure and built environment, industry, and biodiversity.
The Pakistan green taxonomy defines green and transitional3 activities based on national context
using criteria that are science based and interoperable4 with other globally recognized taxonomies.
Interoperable means that the design elements of the taxonomy are consistent with accepted best
practices to accelerate deployment of capital across borders.

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