Plastic waste discharges from rivers and coastlines in Indonesia

Indonesia, as many countries in the world, is struggling with the issues of plastic waste and marine debris, which pose serious threats to the particularly rich marine biodiversity of this region. In 2015, a global study estimating worldwide inputs of plastic waste into the oceans ranked Indonesia as the second largest contributor to plastic marine pollution (Jambeck et al, 2015). As the fourth most populated country in the world, Indonesian cities and municipalities produce an estimated 105 thousand
tons of solid waste per day — a number that is expected to increase to 150 thousand tons by 2025, according to World Bank projections. Despite significant efforts, 40% of the country’s 142 million urban residents still do not have access to basic waste collection services (World Bank, 2019a). 
Mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) generates consequences that go well beyond the severe and very visible impacts on marine life and ecosystems, and the services these ecosystems provide. It can significantly impact living conditions and health through increased risk of flooding, as plastic waste blocks drainage and sewer systems, or through air pollution resulting from burning waste (UNEP, 2015). Moreover, toxic substances can be carried by and leach out from plastic waste, while the implications to human health of plastic particles found in seafood, water and air still need to be understood (Kontrick, 2018; Barboza et al, 2018). Plastic pollution in Indonesian rivers and beaches, as covered broadly by the media, is recognized as a threat to international marine and coastal tourism a sector the country wants
to further invest in (World Bank, 2019b). Economic impacts of marine debris on the fishing, shipping and tourism sectors are estimated at US$1.3 billion per year in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region (McIlgorm et al, 2009).

source :

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/7dac952e-8134-5021-bd17-2d9701678e3c