SCALING UP LOCALLY-LED CLIMATE ACTION IN CAMBODIA
The need to accelerate climate action is urgent in Cambodia. Intensified climate impacts, such as drought and more unpredictable monsoon seasons, may cause a 6 percent increase in Cambodia’s poverty rate within this decade—near double the impact COVID-19 had on the poverty rate in 2020 (WBG 2023a). The impacts of climate change will be felt across Cambodia, but a disproportionate share of these will fall on poor households that are exposed to flood, drought, and heat stress, particularly those that live along the Mekong, Tonle Sap, and the northwest of the country. In addition to exacerbating inequality, climate change will have profound impacts on infrastructure and services on which low-income households depend. More frequent floods and droughts increase the risk of damage to Cambodia’s water supply infrastructure, health and education facilities, and road networks, disrupting access to vital services and markets. Coastal communities face the risk of a 19 cm sea level rise by mid-century, exacerbating salinization of their f ields and water sources. Furthermore, Cambodia has experienced one of the world’s most rapid rates of deforestation in the last two decades, leaving highland and wetland households to bear novel risks, including erosion, wildfires, and extreme flooding. Cambodia’s low-income households that are dependent on climate-sensitive sectors for their livelihoods will bear the largest burden of climate change impacts. More frequent floods and droughts are already generating negative impacts on people’s food supply and livelihoods (Setyowati, Pichon, and Khan 2023). Climate change is projected to lower yields of rainfed rice by up to 30 percent by 2050, representing one of the most negative impacts from climate change on staple crops in the entire region. Water supply is currently insufficient to meet the challenges of climate change in the agriculture sector, and nearly 80 percent of existing irrigation schemes need to be rehabilitated (WBG 2023a). Climate extremes are projected to negatively affect Cambodia’s fisheries, too, endangering food security in a country where most of the animal protein comes from fish. Climate change poses urgent challenges for Cambodia’s water resource management, agriculture, fisheries, and the resilience of its basic infrastructure. To address climate change and disaster challenges, Cambodia has made concerted efforts for climate mitigation and adaptation. In its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Cambodia aims to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 41.7 percent by 2030 (MoE 2020). Substantial climate mitigation efforts will come from the forestry and land use sectors, as they are the biggest contributors of GHG emissions (accounting for 49 percent of annual GHG emissions by 2030), followed by energy (22.2 percent), and agriculture (17.5 percent) (MoE 2020). Cambodia has developed a national adaptation strategy that includes enhancing cross-sectoral processes at multiple levels of the government to scale up climate change adaptation actions. The country has also adopted policies on disaster risk management.
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