The blue economy in the metropolitan region of rio de janeiro, brazil
Since 2021, two complementary visions of the blue economy have emerged in the State of Rio de Janeiro. On the one hand, the “sea economy” (economia do mar), driven by the State Secretariat of Energy and Sea Economy (SEENEMAR), aims to promote the efficient, strategic and sustainable management of economic activities taking place in seas and inland waters to attract investment and generate jobs (SEENEMAR, 2024[1]). On the other hand, the “blue economy” (economia azul) agenda led by the State Secretariat of Environment and Sustainability (SEAS) seeks to balance economic goals with environmental and social imperatives, with a focus on the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ) and the Guanabara Bay (Figure 1.1). Such an agenda was triggered by the need to strengthen the link between water quality and the blue economy, building on the commitment to invest BRL 30 billion to achieve 99% and 90% coverage for drinking water and sanitation respectively by 2033, and the concession of drinking water and sewage services from the State Water and Sewage Company of Rio de Janeiro (CEDAE) to private operators in 2021 (BNDES, 2021[2]). These visions, respectively focusing on economic and environmental dimensions, add to the Brazilian Navy’s longstanding “Blue Amazon” concept developed in 2004. The latter focuses on the country’s maritime activities and use of its Exclusive Economic Zone, territorial sea and coastal waters, and is specifically oriented towards marine activities (MCTIC, 2022[3]). Several other entities are involved in blue economy sectors (e.g. the State Secretariats of Industry and Commerce, Tourism, Sport, Transport, etc.) and in the management of coastal and freshwater ecosystems (e.g. the basin committees of the Guanabara Bay and Guandu River) (Figure 1.3).
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