The role of nuclear energy in powering universal energy abundance for emerging economies
The number of people worldwide lacking access to electricity has been falling since 2000. Nevertheless, there are still an estimated 750 million people without access to reliable power, the majority of whom are in SubSaharan Africa. There are 62 countries that sit below the Modern Energy Minimum of 1,000 kWh/year per-capita many of which are not currently projected to reach this minimum by 2050. Per-capita energy consumption is tightly coupled to per-capita GDP4, making this a critical issue for global development.
As underlined by the first Global Stocktake agreed to at COP28, all routes to universal electricity access
require scaling up essential clean power generation infrastructure, including solar, wind, hydropower,
nuclear, and other zero-carbon technologies. Reliable, accessible and affordable energy is the key enabler
of wider economic modernisation and industrialisation for many Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDE). At the same time, countries must align energy access objectives with broader climate and development goals, making the design of future power systems a central policy and investment challenge.
The optimal pathway to reliable, affordable, and zero-carbon power systems varies widely by country.
Determining the right technology mix depends on each country’s natural resource endowment, supply chains, economic structure, development priorities, and existing power system configuration. Long-term Capacity Expansion Planning (CEP) models provide a structured framework for exploring these pathways. By simulating investment and operational decisions over multiple decades, CEP models reveal which technologies are deployed, when they are built, and at what total system cost, enabling policymakers
to assess trade-offs between different development strategies.
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