Toward sustainable urban mobility: a systematic review of transit-oriented development for the appraisal of dubai metro stations
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has emerged as an innovative urban planning approach that bridges the divide between the charm of historical, walkable neighborhoods and the complexities of modern urban forms. By reinstating the principles of compact, mixed-use developments, TOD offers a sustainable alternative to the widespread trend of urban sprawl prevalent in many cities today. This methodology effectively revives the essence of pre-automobile urban design, where communities were structured to enable residents to live, work, shop, and engage in leisure activities within accessible distances.
The core philosophy of TOD revolves around creating vibrant, self-sufficient neighborhoods that promote a harmonious blend of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, thereby enhancing the quality of urban life and reducing dependence on motorized transportation. In order to attain the envisioned benefits of TOD, numerous city municipalities, in collaboration with urban planners and researchers, have crafted implementation policies tailored to their distinct urban forms. TOD initiatives can involve the creation of entirely new developments or the revitalization of existing neighborhoods centered around public transit stations. By fully leveraging these transit hubs, the goal is to cultivate more “livable
communities” that encourage sustainable living and reduced dependency on private vehicles. Rather than abolishing automobile use altogether, this strategy aims to diminish its dominance by seamlessly integrating cars with other modes of public transportation.
A number of researchers assert that urban challenges, especially in cities of developing nations, largely stem from rapid urbanization and the surge in motor vehicle usage. These factors have significantly contributed to pervasive urban sprawl, which is a major catalyst for traffic congestion, fragmented urban landscapes, social inequity, overextended infrastructure, and environmental degradation. This pattern of urban sprawl, first observed in the United States, prompted urban planners and scholars to propose TOD as a solution to the ongoing dispersion of communities. TOD has demonstrated considerable success in enhancing urban quality, particularly within inner-city neighborhoods, and fostering overall metropolitan growth. These areas experienced urban decay and declining population densities due to extensive road construction and disjointed land-use patterns. By implementing TOD principles such as mixed-use and medium to high density developments and improving the built environment surrounding transit hubs, targeted communities were revitalized. This strategy often resulted in enhanced livability and mobility, along with the more efficient utilization and management of urban spaces and infrastructure.
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