The city as a system

Cities are territories where the natural, social, and built environments coexist. They are mostly inhabited by people who engage in all kinds of activities: recreational, work, commercial, industrial, etc., taking advantage of the resources that the city offers. While cities are centers of economic development as they
contribute to the largest percentage of global GDP, they are also centers of pollution, releasing a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions, generating wastes, and making inefficient use of resources that degrade the natural environment. This is why we believe it is essential to rethink cities regarding their planning and their management in a systemic manner, taking into account their metabolic functioning and implementing sustainable urban ecosystems. To achieve this, it is key to develop resilient and sustainable cities. The goal we set for this book was to shed light on and understand the concept of urban metabolism, considered as a metaphor that aims at mimicking the functioning of a city with
the perfect functioning of living cells or natural ecosystems, and also to define sustainable cities and urban resilience. Besides, we also aim at showing some possible course of action through technical dimensions and city models that are already being globally implemented for the systemic transformation of urban environments.
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