The COP30 climate change conference

Given the current political and economic challenges and uncertainties, issues other than climate change
have taken centre stage on the international political agenda. Nevertheless, with rising global temperatures and frequent extreme weather events, climate change remains a key challenge to
address. Global greenhouse gas emissions are still increasing, while fast and deep emission reductions
are needed to keep the goals of the Paris Agreement within reach. This is particularly true as the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO 2025) found that 2024 was likely the first year on record that had
a global mean temperature of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) above pre-industrial levels.
Against this backdrop, the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will take place in Belém, Brazil, from 10 to 21 November 2025
Delegates will meet to discuss and advance the mitigation of climate change, the adaptation to
climate change impacts, and the support to developing countries. This study introduces the issues at stake at COP30. It has been drafted as a background document for the delegation of the European Parliament but may also be of interest to readers who wish to gain an overview of the topics addressed in the climate negotiations.
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