Toolbox on financing nature-based solutions
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have emerged as pivotal strategies to tackle climate change while delivering socioeconomic benefits aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) defines NbS as “actions to protect, conserve, restore, sustainably use, and manage natural or modified terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems which address social, economic, and environmental challenges effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being, ecosystem services, resilience, and biodiversity benefits”(UNEA 2023). Under the 2024 Brazilian Presidency, the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group (SFWG) has prioritized NbS financing as a core component of its agenda. The approach involves exploring innovative financial instruments that leverage risk-sharing to maximize private sector participation in NbS. Partnering with the Brazilian Presidency and the Institute for Climate and Society (ICS), CPI has developed a report featuring 12 case studies of successful capital mobilization for NbS.
Climate Relevance of NbS
While humans have affected natural ecosystems since the advent of civilization, the destruction of nature has now reached alarming proportions. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, humans have significantly altered 75% of the earth’s land surface, and over 66% of ocean areas experience impacts of human intervention. More than 50% of coral reefs and 85% of wetlands have been lost, 25% of animal and plant species are threatened, and over one
million species are facing extinction (IPBES 2019).
Human livelihoods and our economic system are highly dependent on nature. Over half of global GDP is moderately or highly interlinked with nature, with sectors such as agriculture and food systems and construction most closely intertwined. The ongoing loss of nature contributes not only to climate change but also to increased systemic risk for the global economy (UNEP 2021).
NbS have the potential to address diverse challenges related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, food and water security, biodiversity loss, and threats to human health and well-being (UNEP 2022). NbS can provide up to one-third of the cost-effective climate mitigation needs for 2030, harnessing the power of nature, and play a key role in supporting cheaper and longer-lasting country adaptation needs, while also providing economic and social development benefits (Griscom BW et al. 2017).
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