Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in São Paulo: spatial analysis shows advances, but not sufficient social inclusion

Contemporary cities require complex solutions that integrate different disciplines and sectors of urban planning, such as housing, mobility, and environmental and social issues. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has been widely recognized as an optimal tool for promoting sustainable urban development by increasing urban density and mixed land use around high-capacity public transportation (Engström & Qviström, 2022).

However, the literature has shown that TOD areas can also drive up real estate prices, making it difficult for low-income residents to settle and potentially leading to gentrification (He et al., 2018; Ibraeva et al., 2020; Knowles, Ferbrache, & Nikitas, 2020; Su et al., 2021).

This research has two main objectives:

1. To analyze the impact of the guidelines and urban instruments of the Master Plan of the City of São Paulo, approved in 2014, in inducing real estate development and urban densification in the Structural Corridors of Urban Transformation (SCUTs).
2. To examine the production of social housing in SCUTs, addressing the challenge of rising housing prices in TOD areas and the inclusion of low-income families.

The first objective provides an in-depth investigation into the implementation of TOD in São Paulo, considering the Master Plan and urban policies. Meanwhile, the second objective advances TOD theory by exploring the issue of increasing housing costs and the challenge of ensuring inclusive housing opportunities for low-income communities.

Sumber:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373727947_Transit_Oriented_Development_TOD_in_Sao_Paulo_spatial_analysis_shows_advances_but_not_sufficient_social_inclusion