Carbon negative handbook November 2024
“Carbon dioxide removal” (CDR) consists of physically extracting carbon dioxide (CO₂) already present in the atmosphere and permanently storing it, for example in geological formations. There are a variety of approaches to CDR; those leading to long-term storage and low vulnerability are commonly known as engineered or technical removals. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide can also be stored via natural processes in ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands that act as natural carbon sinks. Considering these are at high risk of human and natural disturbances and require ongoing management, they are vulnerable to loss of stored carbon, and are therefore best viewed as temporary forms of storage. However, the
traditional divide between biogenic and technical removals is illusory, as technical solutions such as biomass use with carbon capture and storage (Bio CCS) and terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW) also have a natural component to them. It should be noted that, where negative emissions occur through the biological carbon cycle, this can create additional benefits such as biodiversity protection and soil
health. Despite a myriad of uncertainties existing over the different removals concepts, the IPCC has asserted that CDR is unavoidable if the 1.5°C temperature goal is to be respected – with no or limited overshoot – and global net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is to be reached
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