Effective result frameworks for sustainable development

As they strive to maximise the positive impacts of their individual and collective actions on people and the planet, governments and international partners need robust results-based approaches to navigate
complex development challenges, build resilience and mitigate risks. Results frameworks are key to implementing such results-based approaches. They provide conceptual and visual clarity on how to get from inputs to outcomes and impacts. In so doing, these frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals, play a crucial role in addressing local and global challenges.
What is a results framework, in a nutshell?
A results framework is a structured tool used to define, monitor and assess the performance and
impact of policies, programmes or projects. They explicitly articulate (typically, in a graphical or tabular
manner) how a strategy or intervention will achieve the desired objective(s), including causal
relationships and underlying assumptions and risks. A results framework generally includes indicators (with baseline, targets, data sources, means of verification and other metadata for each indicator) for the full results chain: inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts. In some instances, results frameworks only describe the desired outputs, outcomes and impacts, leaving flexibility in defining the inputs and activities that will lead to these results.
Ultimately, results frameworks enable development actors to define, collect and analyse information to
measure the change they are producing in the world, and assess how well a project or programme is
performing against planned targets. It thus helps establish an evidence-based approach to monitoring
and evaluation. While it may seem a technical exercise, a well-designed results framework reflects a strategic intention and ensures that resources and efforts are directed towards interventions that have the highest potential for creating positive change. These frameworks facilitate evidence-based decision-making, learning and adapting, accountability and communication (Figure 1.1).

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